Aviation oil cooler



June 12, 1945. F. M. YOUNG 2,378,352

' AVIATION OIL .coomn Original Filed 001:. 11, 1940 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 llLLLI lllllllll IN V EN TOR. FRED M. You/vs v BY ATTORNEY June 12,1945. F. M. YOUNG 2,378,352

' AVIATION OIL COOLER Original Filed Oct. 11, 1940 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 mix 51mm. FREa N. Y0 u/ys June 12, 1945. F. M. YOUNG 2,378,352

' AVIATION oIL COOLER Original Filed Oct. 11, 1940 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 F 5' 0 I IN'VENTOR. BY F250 M. Kev/v6 June 12, 1945. F. M. YOUNG AVIATION OIL COOLER 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Original Filed Oct. 11, 1940 INVENTOR. Fee-0 M W W-5 Arm/mks) Patented June 12, 1945 Fred M. Young, Racine, Wis.

Original application October 11, 1940, Serial No. 7 360,725. Divided and this application June 17,

" 1942, Serial No. 447,382.

1 Claim. (01. 251-2) It is the intention that the present pa'tent'shall cover by suitable expression in the appended claim, features of patentable novelty other than claimed in .my pending application Serial No. 360,725, filed October 11, 1940, maturing in Patent'No. 2,293,960, issued August 25, 1942, of which this application is a division.

The present inventionrelates to aviation oil coolers wherein the cooling medium is air which is forced through thetubes by frontal pressure, the oil being forced between the tubes, by pump pressure, the device'having meanswhereby the oil will be shunted around a, preheating chamber when it is too thick to pass between the tubes.

In devices of the class, it has been customary to use round tubes having their ends enlarged and hexed, these endsbeing bonded together and to the housing so as to form end closures for the tube chamber. This manner of forming the core is quite expensive and not altogether satisfactory for a number of obvious reasons.

An object of the present invention is to provide means whereby round tubes may be used which are expanded into thetube plates in very close formation.

A further object of the present invention is to provide a housing having an annular prewarming chamber and end extensions which, in addition to providing holders for the tube plates, also provide, means whereby the plates may be made from thick aluminum and welded to the outer ends of these extensions before the tube apertures are drilled in the plates; and whereby the the chamber without danger of injuring the drilled plates. I I

An object of the present invention is to provide means whereby tubes which are round in cross sectionmay be used whereby they may be easily and effectively expanded in round apertures in the tube plates and extended through spaced baffle plates whereby the oil' will be caused to pass b tween the tubes transversely and through the chamber sinuously.

I provide means whereby when the oil is too thick to pass between the tubes, a bypass valve will be caused to open and the oil permitted to pass through an outside annular chamber in a manner which will quickly preheat the oil in the chamber.

Generally stated, the objects of the present invention are to provide a simple, safe, and economical device which can be built at low cost and attached to the airplane by meansof standard equipment.

To these and other useful ends, my invention consists of parts, combinations of parts,-or their equivalents, and mode of operation, as hereinafter set forth and claimed and shown in the accompanying drawings in which: I

Fig. 1 is .a side elevational view of my complete device. I I

Fig. 2 is a fractional end view of the device shown in Figure 1.

Fig. 3 is a horizontal section taken on line 3--3 of Figure 1.

Fig. 4 is a transverse section taken on line l|4 of Figure 1.

v Fig. 5 is a transverse section taken on line 5 -5 of Figure 1.

Fig. 6 is a transverse section taken on line ti -6 of Figure 1,. g g

Fig. 7 is a top view of a fraction of the inner cylinder showing the annular chamber partition in position.

. Fig. 8 is a fractional top View of the cylinder with the valve base removed.

Fig, ,9 illus'tratesa modification.

Fig. 10 illustrates a transverse section similar to Figure 5 but illustrating the device designedto be used without a relief valve.

Fig. 11 is a bottom view of member D.

Fig. 12 is a partially sectional elevational view of the device as shown in Figure 1 illustrating by single and doubl pointed arrows the flow of oil through the annular chamber and cooling core.

As thus illustrated, the housing part of the device, forming the annular chamber, is designated in itsentirety by reference character A.

Theextensions, including the tube plates, are

designated intheir entireties by reference character B; the valve baseis designated in its entirety by reference: character C and the valve is designated in its entirety by reference character Member A comprises an outer circular shell I!) having preferably inturned fla ges 9 9' and an inner shell II having preferably out-turned end flanges l2|2 (see Figure 3) which are brazed or welded to member ID as at l3; thus forming an annular chamber Hi. The end extensions comprise circular members l5--| 5 which are the same diameter as member H and having preferably outwardly extending flanges i6 adapted to lie against members l2 and be bonded thereto and to member I!) as at I3.

It will be seen that members l5 arev enough smaller in diameter than member I8 to provide spaces for the reception of bands with which. to attach the device to the frame of the airplane, as is now common practice.

I provide relatively thick imperiorated tube plates -23 preferably of aluminum and weld them to members l5 as at 2i. Closely spaced apertures 22 are then drilled in plate 20 and tubes 23 are inserted in these apertures, as illustrated in Figure 3, the ends preferably being expanded into the apertures so as to make pressure tight joints between the tube ends and the tube plates.

I will now explain my method of manufacturing and assembling the device as already described and pointed out in thev figures.

Plates 20 are first welded to extensions i5 as at 2|, after which the plates are drilled as at 22, then the extensions are welded to the chamber as at l3. The tubes may then be inserted in their apertures, the, ends protruding slightly through the plates and then their ends being ex panded into their apertures.

In devices of the class it is necessary to closely space the tubes and to have the outer tubes spaced .from the shell generally not more than the spacing between the tubes. Members t5 and aluminum plates .20 could not easily be welded together after the apertures are drilled in the plates. The heat would tend to warp the adjacent apertures and perhaps destroy .the plate. I first preferably Weld the -plates to members IE as shown and then drill apertures 22 after which the end assembly consisting of members [5 and 20 is welded to the annular chamber. the weld at I3 being far enough removed from the plates so as not to injure the plates after they have been drilled. Clearly an inclosure is formed for the bundle of tubes and an annular chamber is formed around the inclosure in heat exchange contact therewith.

I provide a number of spaced partitions 25 and 26 each being cut-away as at 21 (see Figure 1) the tubes extending through these partitions see Figure 3) A partition 28 (see Figures 4 through 10) is bonded so as to form a pressure tight joint between members 9, l0 and H. On one side of partition 28, I cut spaced apertures 29 in member Ill (see Figures 5 and 9).

A port 39 is cut in member ll adjacent port 29 (see Figures 4 and 9) and a port 3| is cut in the other end of member I I (see Figure 6) Partition 28 at one end. is made wide enough to encircle a port 32 which registers with port 3| and a corres onding openin 33 is cut into member ill (see Figures 6, 8 and 9) A number of spaced ports 34 are cut in member H) on the opposite side of member 28 from ports 29. Base plate C is bonded to member ID and is provided with a channel 40 which extends for the greater part of the length of member C and intersects ports '29. A channel 42 is provided in member C which intersects ports 34.

It will be seen that oil may enter channel 40 from. in et connection 43 and'nass into annular chamber l4 through openings 29.-from whence it may travel around the annular chamber to openings 34, and then into channel 42 or the oil may enter the tube chamber through port 36 and travel between the tubes sinuously to port 3| and then through ports 32 and 33 (see dotted lines and arrows in Figure 1).

A valve 45 is adapted to rest on a valve seat in member D (see Figure 5) and having a valve guide 46 and a spring 41 which extends upwardly into member 48 which is, as illustrated, screw threaded into the top of chamber D. A port 49 forms a connection between channel 42 and the valve (see Figure 5). When the valve is lifted, oil may pass from port 49 into the valve cham ber, the chamber having an outlet 50 to the left hand end of chamber D, this outlet having a port 5| which registers with port 32 by means of a port 52 in member C (see Figure 6).

It will be seen that oil may pass from inlet 43 through the annular chamber to outlet 50 by lifting the valve against the pressure of spring 41 (see Figure 5). However, after the oil has been prewarmed, and the pressure is not great enough to lift valve 45, it may pass into one end of the tube chamber through port 30 and through the tube chamber sinuously around partitions 25 and 26, as illustrated by arrows in Figure 1, and then escape to outlet 50 through ports 3|, 32, 33, 5| and 52.

It will be seen that when the engine is first started and the oil is too thick to flow freely between the tubes in the tube chamber, it may flow through the. annular preheating chamber 14 and that when the oil in the tube chamber has been suificiently heated, it may all pass between the tubes, as already described and is illustrated i Figure 12, the single pointed arrows indicating the flow of the oil through the annular chamber and valve and the double-pointed arrows indicating the fiow of the ,oil through the cooling core.

An advantage of the present design is that the only part which must be bonded to the annular chamber is member 28; that member .0 is bonded to shell l0 and that-when member D is secured to member C by means of gasket 54 and bolts 55, and the oil is controlled by means of a valve, a minimum number of ports and bonded joints are necessary.

A further advantage of the present invention is that the oil is forced to pass between the tubes in a transverse direction, and since the tubes are staggered, obviously the oil will be caused to closely wipe the tubes.

In the present invention, after starting the engine, the oil is exposed to a minimum area of radiating surface so it will be permitted to heat quickly, and when the desired temperature of the oil in the tube chamber is reached, or in other words, when the oil reaches a suitable consistency, it will be caused to pass between the tubes and cooled by the air passing through the tubes.

A feature of the present invention is that the heat exchange between the air and oil is on the reverse flow principle. That is, the oil enters and contacts the tube ends which are-in contact witht-he heated air (see arrows in Figure l) and the fresh air enters the tube ends which contact the oil at its lowest temperature, thus providing greater control over the device with respect to atmospheric conditions.

An advantage of the present, invention is the arrangement of ports and openings whereby oil is caused to pass into the annular chamber on one side of a partition for almost the length of the annular chamber and passes out of the chamber on the other side of the partition for-almost the length of the chamber; thus theentire annular chamber will be brought in active contact with the oil.

It will be understood that I have shown the preferred form of valveandthe means for holdl ing it on its seat. I may elect to dispense with the other figures The object is to offer considerable resistance to the flow of oil through ports 3.4 so the bulk of the oil may travel through these ports when too thick to pass between the tubes but the bulk of the oil will be caused to pass between the tubes when the oil in the tube chamber'is sufliciently warmed. In other words, ports 34 wil1 act somewhat similar to valve 45. 7

Having thus shown and described my inven- 1 tion, I claim:

A viscous fluid temperature controlling device of the class described comprising: an elongated relatively narrow annular chamber, said annular chamber having therein a longitudinally positioned pressure tight partition, tube plates secured to the ends oi said annular chamber forming a tube chamber, closely spacedfltubes sub- ,t

stantially filling said tube chamber and forming an operating connection between said tube plates for the passage therethrough of a cooling medium, a common inlet having a connection to said annular chamber adjacent one side of said partition and having an operating connection to said tube chamber adjacent one end of the tube chamber, a common outlet, an operating connection between the other end of said tube chamber and said common outlet,a port adjacent the other side of said partition and being parallel thereto and contacting the exterior of said annular chamber for substantially the length thereof and having an outlet into said common outlet, a multiplicity of relatively small spaced apertures forming an operating connection between said annular chamber and said port whereby a portion of the viscous fluid may at all times pass directly from the other side of said annular chamber into said common outlet.

FRED M. YOUNG. 

